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本文作者:写作逻辑洞悉大师:Regina
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Example44
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a journal on environmental issues.
"Over the past year, the Crust Copper Company (CCC) has purchased over 10,000 square miles of land in the tropical nation of West Fredonia. Mining copper on this land will inevitably result in pollution and, since West Fredonia is the home of several endangered animal species, in environmental disaster. But such disasters can be prevented if consumers simply refuse to purchase products that are made with CCC's copper unless the company abandons its mining plans."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
逻辑图分析;
CCC's mining activities do not necessarily lead to pollution and environmental disater.
We do not know what fraction of the 10,000 square miles of land will be used for CCC's mining activities.(数据问题)
We konw nothing about mining technology of CCC.(结论无据)
We do not know what portion of CCC's land in inhabited by endangered animals.(结论无据)
The author fails to demonstrate the critical assumption that most consumers can reliably distinguish products that are made with CCC's copper.(无端假设)
The auther fails to consider whether most consumers are willing to cooperate in the boycoot.(无端假设)
The auther ignores the possibility that other measures could also be taken to prevent the hamful result.(另有他因 通过列举可能导致环境灾害的其他原因)
The auther hastily assumes that the proposed boycott will sufficiently prevent pollution and enviromental disaster.(另有他因 通过列举可能实现该目的的其他原因)
First, the underlying assumption that the deterioration of environment and disturbance to endangered animals will inevitably occur is open to doubt.Ten thousand square miles are, without any doubt, so large an area that almost makes up the total territory of New York City. There is likelihood that only a very small proportion of the land will be used for mining.
Furthermore, with the advanced technology of waste disposal and environmental-friendly recycling, the pollution, if any, can be so insignificant that almost has no negative effect on the environment.
Even if the exploitation is indeed very heavy, the arguer does not inform us to what extent the mining areas and the habitat of endangered species overlap. If(假设法) they are located far away from each other, the mining would have little impact on local animals. Without taking these factors into consideration, the arguer could not successfully convince us that CCC’s mining process will bring about horrible results, and the boycott would be totally unnecessary in this case.
Second, the feasibility of the arguer's proposal can also be cast doubt on. The proposal could be smoothly carried out only if the consumers can reliably distinguish products that are made with CCC’s copper. We all know that only the brand of the final producer will be engraved to a product. For instance,(例证法)li'z if a copper lock is manufactured, consumers can only identify the brand of the lock company. It is unlikely that a nonprofessional consumer can tell the material supplier of a certain product.
Even assuming that consumers can effectively recognize copper products made with CCC’s copper, and that the vast majority of such consumers can be gathered by certain means, whether all of them are willing to cooperate in the boycott is still not guaranteed.(概括消费者的合作意愿) It is highly possible that(推测法) most consumers care more about the quality and cost of a product while little about environmental problems. If the consumers cannot distinguish products using CCC’s copper, or they simply have no interest in the boycott, the proposal would be meaningless at all, let alone prevent environmental problems.
In conclusion, the argument is unpersuasive(E) and the arguer should provide additional information to demonstrate that CCC will cause a disastrous effect on the environment of West Fredonia once its mining plan is carried out. The arguer also needs to prove that the proposed boycott is not only practically feasible, but also sufficient and necessary for the arguer’s purpose.(S)
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1.使用雷哥网GRE的时间?
2.通过何种渠道了解到雷哥网GRE?
3.使用雷哥GRE的用途?(可多选)
4.使用雷哥网GRE曾遇到的问题?(可多选)
5.你对雷哥网GRE的优化建议(可多选)
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