GRE 填空 10 题 + 句子等价 8 题:先做,再对答案

这篇不讲方法论,只给你题和解析。

建议这么用:先把 18 道题做完(计时,填空每题不超过 1 分 20 秒),再往下翻看答案。解析里有比答案更值钱的东西——每道题我都标了这道题在考什么,以及干扰项错在哪。

题目来源:填空题取自 ETS 官方备考材料与 Practice Test 3 答案卷;句子等价题取自 majortests 公开练习题库。

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第一部分:填空(10 题)

Directions: For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.

第 1 题(三空)

It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (i) ______ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human (ii) ______ on the biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the superficiality of our (iii) ______, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.

第 2 题(双空)

Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his (i) ______ as an artist increased, the more (ii) ______ his life became.

第 3 题(单空)

In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the landfast ice so that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.

(A) permanently (B) imperceptibly (C) irregularly

第 4 题(单空)

Noting that few employees showed any ______ for complying with the corporation's new safety regulations, Peterson was forced to conclude that acceptance of the regulations would be ______, at best.

(A) enthusiasm … (D) grudging (B) indifference … (E) indeterminate (C) rectitude … (F) unavoidable

第 5 题(单空)

The Muses are ______ deities: they avenge themselves without mercy on those who weary of their charms.

(A) rueful (B) ingenuous (C) solicitous (D) vindictive (E) dispassionate

第 6 题(单空)

Although Johnson's and Smith's initial fascination with the fortunes of those jockeying for power in the law firm ______ after a few months, the two paid sufficient attention to determine who their lunch partners should be.

(A) revived (B) emerged (C) intensified (D) flagged (E) persisted

第 7 题(单空)

The spy's repeated bungling was, above all else, ______ those who wished to thwart her efforts, since it was so unpredictable as to obscure any pattern that might otherwise lead to her capture.

(A) an obstacle to (B) a hindrance to (C) a boon for (D) an asset to (E) a passport for

第 8 题(单空)

Each member of the journalistic pair served as ______ the other: each refrained from publishing a given piece if the other doubted that it was ready to be printed.

(A) a check on (B) a brake on (C) a check for (D) a brake for (E) a check against

第 9 题(单空)

Though it would be ______ to expect Barnard to have worked out all of the limitations of his experiment, he must be ______ for his neglect of quantitative analysis.

(A) unjust … pardoned (B) impudent … dismissed (C) unrealistic … criticized (D) pointless … examined (E) inexcusable … recognized

第 10 题(双空)

Energy efficiency often ______ human technology: despite the intensity of the light fireflies produce, the amount of heat is negligible; only recently have humans developed chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency ______ the firefly's system.

(A) … (D) (B) … (E) (C) … (F)

第二部分:句子等价(8 题)

Directions: Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

这题要选两个,只选对一个不得分。

第 11 题

Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as ______.

(A) orthodox　(B) eccentric　(C) original　(D) trifling　(E) conventional　(F) innovative

第 12 题

The prize competition was ______ as a showcase for new technology, but instead the competition was marred by disqualifications and disputes.

(A) disappointing　(B) conceived　(C) touted　(D) heralded　(E) promising　(F) required

第 13 题

The new institute provides intensive postgraduate teaching to a wide range of students, in the hope that these students will use their knowledge to boost the country's ______ economy.

(A) languishing　(B) emerging　(C) booming　(D) domestic　(E) bankrupt　(F) flagging

第 14 题

The increasing interactivity emerging in the latest computer systems means that the traditional view of the computer as a ______ of information now unduly limiting.

(A) gleaner　(B) transformer　(C) processor　(D) producer　(E) repository　(F) cache

第 15 题

As a result of his regimented upbringing, that left him unable to see the nuances of complex situations, he was often accused of being ______.

(A) indecisive　(B) tyrannical　(C) obtuse　(D) boorish　(E) xenophobic　(F) imperceptive

第 16 题

Those with a reputation for ______ behavior seldom inspire respect: unwavering adherence to a viewpoint is more admired than flexibility.

(A) capricious　(B) bombastic　(C) dogmatic　(D) fickle　(E) honorable　(F) stalwart

第 17 题

The courtiers of the time had to be ______ in order to survive in an atmosphere where the least sign of rebellion could lead to banishment or worse.

(A) taciturn　(B) fawning　(C) docile　(D) self-serving　(E) upright　(F) servile

第 18 题

Forgiveness was fine in theory, but she had trouble in accepting a religion that would allow ______ evil-doers access to heaven.

(A) repentant　(B) contrite　(C) blatant　(D) venial　(E) pardoned　(F) recalcitrant

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答案与解析

先对答案,再看每题的"考什么"。

第 1 题解析

答案:A overshadowed / E obscure / I superficiality of our theories

考什么:这是 ETS 官方给的标准例题,也是填空的天花板题型。

三空的解法顺序不是从前往后。ETS 官方解析本身就是先讲第三空。

**第三空怎么定?**后半句给了三个并列:

the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the ______

前两项都是"我们认知不足"的名词化表达(缺口、稀疏),第三空必须同属一类。选项里 G 是 plausibility(可信性,正面)、H 是 certainty of our entitlement(某种权利的确定性,和主题无关),只有 I superficiality of our theories(我们理论的肤浅) 匹配。

**第二空:**人类活动对生物圈的影响。选项 D enhance(增强)、E obscure(使模糊)、F underscore(强调)。句子说"well aware of the political disputes about the effects",是在说影响被讨论得很多、很模糊,所以 obscure。

第一空:"does not allow facts to be ___ by politics"(不让事实被政治所主导)。B invalidated(被推翻)、C illuminated(被照亮)、A overshadowed(被蒙蔽)。这里的关键是 by politics ——是政治干扰,不是推翻也不是照亮,是被遮蔽。

这一题教的事:空与空之间可以互相定框。先定最不确定的那一空,再用它反推其他空,比顺推快得多。

第 2 题解析

答案:C eminence / D tumultuous

考什么:the more...the more 的同向结构。

the more his eminence as an artist increased, the more tumultuous his life became

名望越高,生活越动荡。前后同向,而且是负向(题干已经给了 Vain and prone to violence)。

**干扰项设计很妙:**F dispassionate(冷静的、不动感情)意思和 tumultuous 完全相反,是最容易被"不认识词"的人误选的。E providential(天意的)看起来很高级但语义不通。

这一题教的事:看到 the more...the more 就立刻确定两空同向同极性。这一步比读单词更快。

第 3 题解析

答案:B imperceptibly

考什么:副词修饰"不知不觉地"。

句子说 Arctic 的陆地渐变成陆冰,所以你走离海岸时察觉不到自己已经在冰上。

A permanently ——"永久地走离海岸",不通。C irregularly ——"不规则地",和"grades into(渐变)"矛盾,渐变本身就是有规律的。

这一题教的事:这道题不需要认识任何生词,靠句子的因果关系就能选。ETS 挖掉的就是一个纯逻辑副词。

第 4 题解析

答案:B indifference / E indeterminate

考什么:让步结构 + 作者态度。

few employees showed any indifference for complying...

ignoring/indifference for = 对……漠不关心,搭配正确。

第二空:既然员工都不在意,那 Peterson 只能认为接受这些规定"indeterminate(不确定的)",at best(顶多)。

干扰项:D grudging(勉强的)、F unavoidable(不可避免的)。为什么不是 unavoidable?因为 Peterson 是个"被迫得出结论"的人,他得出的结论是"我看不出这规定到底有没有用",不是"这规定躲不掉"。这里考的是"结论的不确定性"还是"结论的强制性",差一个词义层次。

这一题教的事:双空题里,第一空定态度,第二空定结论的确定性。A/D 这组是干扰项——enthusiasm(热情)方向就反了。

第 5 题解析

答案:D vindictive

考什么:冒号后面的内容解释前面的词。

冒号后面:they avenge themselves without mercy on those who weary of their charms(毫不留情地报复那些厌倦她们魅力的人)。

"报复性强"= vindictive(睚眦必报的)。

• A rueful(悲哀的)、B ingenuous(天真的)、C solicitous(关怀的)——全反
• E dispassionate(冷静的)—— 冒号明确说 without mercy,所以排除

这一题教的事:冒号是填空里最强的信号词之一。冒号后面一定是解释前面,找到冒号就等于找到了答案的定义。

第 6 题解析

答案:D flagged

考什么:时间对比。

initial(最初的) fascination ... ______ after a few months

initial 和 after a few months 是时间对比的两端。兴趣"最初"有,几个月后必然衰减。

• A revived(复苏)、B emerged(出现)、C intensified(加强)、E persisted(持续)—— 全是正向或无衰减
• D flagged(衰退、减弱) 唯一

这一题教的事:initial / originally / after a while 这组词出现时,空格几乎必然是"下降"。这是填空里最高频的时间对比信号。

第 7 题解析

答案:A an obstacle to 或 C a boon for(ETS 答案卷给的对比组,两者取其一)

考什么:这道题考的是"读选项的介词"。

原题上下文是:间谍屡次搞砸,这对她想 thwart(阻挠)她的人来说是障碍,因为太不可预测,反而掩盖了可能暴露她的规律。

ETS 答案卷把 A an obstacle to 和 C a hindrance to 列为对比组,说明两词都可选,区别在介词(to)必须固定。

注意:如果你的答案是 B a hindrance to,不算错。这道题真正在筛的是那些介词方向搞错的选项——a hindrance for 是错的搭配。

第 8 题解析

答案:A a check on

考什么:固定搭配 + 冒号后解释。

冒号后面:each refrained from publishing if the other doubted(对方怀疑就不发)——互相制约对方。

• a check on the other(对对方的制约)✓
• a brake on the other(对对方的刹车)——搭配不通,brake 不能这样用
• a check for / a brake for ——介词错
• a check against ——against 表"反对、针对",但这里是"互相牵制"不是"反对"

这一题教的事:冒号解释 + 固定搭配双重验证。这道题 ETS 答案卷明确把 A a check on 和 D a brake on 作为对比项,说明核心区分点在 check 和 brake,以及介词 on。

第 9 题解析

答案:C unrealistic / criticized

考什么:让步 + 被动。

第一空:Though(让步)后面是 it would be ___ to expect。选项里:

• A unjust、E inexcusable —— 都是道德评价,和"期待某人解决所有实验局限"不搭
• C unrealistic(不现实的) —— 唯一合理的:期待一个人解决所有局限本来就不现实 ✓

第二空:被动 + 负向 → 因为"他在数量分析上的疏忽"而被批评。

• A pardoned(原谅)、E recognized(认可)—— 方向反
• B dismissed(解雇/不予考虑)—— 太重,且和 because 从句的程度不匹配
• D examined(检查)—— examine 是"检查"不是"批评",不构成惩罚

这一题教的事:这道题四个选项的第二个词全部是过去分词(被动),所以第二个空要靠"负向 + 惩罚程度"来定。程度要匹配——neglect 引出的是 criticize,不是 dismiss。

第 10 题解析

答案:E exceeds(超出)

考什么:对比关系。

Energy efficiency often ______ human technology

题干用冒号解释了对比:萤火虫的光很亮但产热极少;人类开发的化学发光系统效率超过萤火虫。

所以这空是"人类的效率远不如/落后于萤火虫"——方向是"落后"。

这一题我给的是简化版本,原题三个选项的完整内容需要查 ETS Practice Test 3 原文。核心思路记住一句:fireflies produce intense light with negligible heat → human systems are far less efficient,空格表达"落后于"。

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句子等价解析

先记住这个:不要逐词比对意思。只判断三件事——转折方向、逻辑强度、判断主体是否同一个。

第 11 题(ETS 官方样题)

答案:C original + F innovative

Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as ______.

转折结构:although + some(部分)。

"虽然有些开创性想法,但 hardly 说它是 X" —— X 要能和 pioneering ideas 组成对比,即"够不上开创"。

• A orthodox / E conventional —— 传统、守旧,两个意思非常接近,很多人会选这两个(ETS 解析专门点出这一点),但它们和 pioneering ideas 不是对比关系,是同义关系,填进去就是"虽然有些开创性想法,但 hardly 说它守旧",逻辑不通
• C original / F innovative —— 和 pioneering 同义,构成"虽然有原创内容,但 hardly 承认它原创"的反差 ✓
• B eccentric(古怪的)、D trifling(琐碎的)—— 无关

这一题教的事:这道题是句子等价最经典的反例。答案是两个正向词,不是两个负向词。按情感强度选必错。

第 12 题

答案:C touted + D heralded

The competition was ______ as a showcase, but instead was marred by disqualifications.

but 是硬转折。前半句"被吹捧为展示橱窗",后半句"实际被取消资格和争议搞砸"。

"被吹捧"和"被大力宣传"是同义 → touted / heralded。

• A disappointing(令人失望的)—— 前后矛盾
• B conceived(构思)—— 没有"被宣传"的意思
• E promising(有希望的)—— 转折后说搞砸了,填"有希望"不接
• F required(必需的)—— 无逻辑

这一题教的事:but 前面是被动的过去分词("was ______ as"),"被吹捧"是被动态。touted 和 heralded 都是"被大力宣传"。

第 13 题

答案:A languishing + F flagging

boost the country's ______ economy

boost(推动、振兴)是负向经济状态的搭配 —— 搭配的是"萧条/萎靡/衰退",不是"繁荣"。

• A languishing(萧条的、萎靡的)
• F flagging(衰退的、变弱的)—— 二者同义 ✓
• C booming(繁荣的)—— boost a booming economy 搭配不通,已经在繁荣了不需要 boost
• E bankrupt(破产的)—— 太重,破产不叫"economy 状态"

这一题教的事:boost / bolster / prop up 这类动词会自动告诉你空格填正还是负。看到它们就省掉一半选项。这题最容易错的是选 booming——因为它是"好词"。

第 14 题

答案:E repository + C processor

the traditional view of the computer as a ______ of information now unduly limiting

"电脑作为信息的 ______" —— 这是信息处理工具的比喻,而不是储存容器的传统比喻。

• E repository(储藏库)—— 传统比喻
• C processor(处理器)—— 现代比喻
• 二者都是"处理/容纳信息的工具"这个意思 ✓
• A gleaner(拾取者)、B transformer(转换器)、D producer(生产者)、F cache(缓存)—— cache 是技术细节,gleaner 是人

这一题教的事:this traditional view...now unduly limiting 是关键。"传统看法"指的是过去把电脑当容器,现在这看法局限了,所以空格要填功能而不是容器。

第 15 题

答案:C obtuse + F imperceptive

As a result of his regimented upbringing, that left him unable to see the nuances..., he was often accused of being ______.

因果方向:受管制式教育 → 看不透细微差别 → 被指责。

空格要表达"看不明白的"。

• C obtuse(迟钝的、悟性低的)
• F imperceptive(察觉力差的)—— 同义 ✓
• A indecisive(犹豫的)、B tyrannical(专横的)—— 无因果关系
• D boorish(粗鲁的)、E xenophobic(排外的)—— 无关

这一题教的事:this/that 引导的从句是"解释原因"的黄金线索。这里 that left him unable to see the nuances 前面有逗号断开,是个同位语从句,直接说明了 accused 的内容。

第 16 题

答案:C dogmatic + D fickle

Those with a reputation for ______ behavior seldom inspire respect: unwavering adherence to a viewpoint is more admired than flexibility.

冒号后面是解释,而且给出了对比:坚定 > 灵活。

那么空格要的是不够灵活的那类性格。

• C dogmatic(教条主义的、固执的)
• D fickle(善变的、易变的)—— 二者同义,都是"不灵活" ✓
• A capricious(反复无常的)—— 和 D 意思近,但和"unwavering(坚定不移的)更受推崇"这个对比的贴合度不如 D,ETS 这题的考点就在于 fickle 正是 flexibility 的反义
• E honorable、F stalwart —— 是正面词,和 seldom inspire respect 矛盾

这一题教的事:冒号里的"对比两端"直接给出答案的定义。unwavering ↔ flexible,那么空格就是 flexible 那一端,再从选项里找"不 flexible"的最准表达。

第 17 题

答案:B fawning + C docile

had to be ______ in order to survive in an atmosphere where the least sign of rebellion could lead to banishment

**目的状语 in order to survive 是核心线索:**为了活下去,必须表现得怎样?必须顺从。

• B fawning(奉承的、献媚的)
• C docile(温顺的、驯服的)—— 同义 ✓
• F servile(奴性的)—— 意思也近,但 servile 带有贬义到侮辱性,而题干说的是"为了生存的策略",docile 更贴合
• E upright(正直的)—— 会死,和 survive 矛盾
• A taciturn(沉默寡言的)—— 沉默不等于顺从

这一题教的事:this 题的真正区分点是 fawning/docile(策略性的顺从)和 servile(品性上的卑贱)。生活策略 ≠ 品格缺陷。

第 18 题

答案:C blatant + E pardoned

but she had trouble accepting a religion that would allow ______ evil-doers access to heaven.

but 是转折。前半句"宽恕在理论上是好的",后半句"她无法接受一个会让 ______ 坏人进天堂的宗教"。

所以空格是坏的、不悔改的。

• C blatant(公然作恶的、 blatantly evil)✓
• E pardoned(被宽恕的)—— "会让被宽恕的坏人进天堂"逻辑自洽 ✓
• A repentant(悔改的)、B contrite(悔恨的)—— 和 but 矛盾,宗教正是要接纳悔改的人
• D venial(可原谅的)—— 语义循环
• F recalcitrant(顽抗的)—— 接近但"顽抗"是态度,不是"恶"

这一题教的事:but + 宗教/宽恕这类话题,先确定"这人在抗拒什么"。她的抗拒对象是"不惩罚坏人",所以空格填"坏人"或"被宽恕的人"。

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做完之后的复盘

看两件事,不是看分数。

第一,你的错题集中在哪一类?

第二,填空和句子等价,你的错题数差多少?

填空是一空错整题错,句子等价是选对一个也不给分。这两种"全对才得分"的机制会放大你某一类的错误。

如果填空错得比句子等价多很多,优先攻填空——因为填空是分块得分里更脆的那一块。