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This passage is adapted from an article published in 1996.Many theorists now doubt that heat loss from Earth's core and radioactive decay are sufficient by themselves to produce all the energy driving the tectonic plates whose movements have helped shape Earth's surface. This leaves a loose end in current geophysical theory, Herbert Shaw argues that because scientists have underestimated the input of substantial amounts of energy from extraterrestrial impactors (asteroids and comets striking Earth) ,they have difficulty accounting for the difference between the quantity of energy produced from sources intrinsic to Earth and that involved in plate tectonics. Whereas most geologists have treated the addition of energy through the bombardment of Earth's surface by such impactors as a process separate and independent from the movement of Earth's tectonic plates, Shaw asserts that these processes are indivisible. Shaw's revolutionary"open-system"view recognizes a continuum between terrestrial and extraterrestrial dynamics,whereas modem plate tectonic theory,like the classical geology developed during the nineteenth century,is founded on the view that Earth's geological features have changed through gradual,regular processes intrinsic to Earth,without reference to unique catastrophic events. Classical geology borrowed a decisive,if unspoken,premise from Newton-the independence of Earth's processes from any astronomical context.
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当前版本由 eniale 更新于2024-10-07 17:50:36 感谢由 eniale 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。
这段文章摘自1996年发表的一篇文章。许多理论家现在怀疑,地球核心的热量损失和放射性衰变单独不足以产生驱动构造板块的所有能量,而这些构造板块的运动帮助塑造了地球的表面。这使得目前的地球物理理论留下了一个未解之谜。赫伯特·肖(Herbert Shaw)认为,科学家们低估了来自外太空撞击物(如小行星和彗星撞击地球)所输入的大量能量,因此在解释从地球内部源产生的能量与涉及板块构造的能量之间的差异时遇到了困难。
大多数地质学家将地球表面遭受外太空撞击物轰击所产生的能量视为一个独立于地球构造板块运动的过程,而肖则主张这些过程是不可分割的。肖的革命性“开放系统”观点承认了地球动力学与外太空动力学之间的连续性,而现代板块构造理论(如19世纪发展起来的经典地质学)则建立在这样一个观点上:地球的地质特征是通过地球内部的逐渐、规律的过程变化的,而没有考虑到独特的灾难性事件。经典地质学借鉴了牛顿的一项决定性但未明言的前提——地球过程与任何天文背景是独立的。
主要目的:
这段文章的主要目的是探讨一个关于塑造地球表面的过程的解释,并将该解释置于一个更大的理论背景中。
关于“地质学家”的推论:
1. 他们低估了外太空撞击物撞击地球的频率。
2. 他们认为来自外太空的能量与地球动力学无关。
3. 他们关于地球动力学的观点挑战了牛顿的基本原则之一。
4. 他们关于地球动力学的观点为肖的“开放系统”观点奠定了基础。
5. 他们关于外太空动力学的观点对当前地球物理理论构成挑战。
在这段文章中,确实可以推断出地质学家将外太空能量视为与地球内部过程无关,但关于频率、牛顿原则、肖的观点及其对地球物理理论的挑战等并没有直接的信息。因此,只有第二个推论是符合文章内容的。
当前版本由 eniale 更新于2024-10-07 17:50:10 感谢由 eniale 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。
这段文章摘自1996年发表的一篇文章。许多理论家现在怀疑,地球核心的热量损失和放射性衰变单独不足以产生驱动构造板块的所有能量,而这些构造板块的运动帮助塑造了地球的表面。这使得目前的地球物理理论留下了一个未解之谜。赫伯特·肖(Herbert Shaw)认为,科学家们低估了来自外太空撞击物(如小行星和彗星撞击地球)所输入的大量能量,因此在解释从地球内部源产生的能量与涉及板块构造的能量之间的差异时遇到了困难。
大多数地质学家将地球表面遭受外太空撞击物轰击所产生的能量视为一个独立于地球构造板块运动的过程,而肖则主张这些过程是不可分割的。肖的革命性“开放系统”观点承认了地球动力学与外太空动力学之间的连续性,而现代板块构造理论(如19世纪发展起来的经典地质学)则建立在这样一个观点上:地球的地质特征是通过地球内部的逐渐、规律的过程变化的,而没有考虑到独特的灾难性事件。经典地质学借鉴了牛顿的一项决定性但未明言的前提——地球过程与任何天文背景是独立的。
**主要目的**:
这段文章的主要目的是探讨一个关于塑造地球表面的过程的解释,并将该解释置于一个更大的理论背景中。
**关于“地质学家”的推论**:
1. 他们低估了外太空撞击物撞击地球的频率。
2. 他们认为来自外太空的能量与地球动力学无关。
3. 他们关于地球动力学的观点挑战了牛顿的基本原则之一。
4. 他们关于地球动力学的观点为肖的“开放系统”观点奠定了基础。
5. 他们关于外太空动力学的观点对当前地球物理理论构成挑战。
在这段文章中,确实可以推断出地质学家将外太空能量视为与地球内部过程无关,但关于频率、牛顿原则、肖的观点及其对地球物理理论的挑战等并没有直接的信息。因此,只有第二个推论是符合文章内容的。
这段文章摘自1996年发表的一篇文章。许多理论家现在怀疑,地球核心的热量损失和放射性衰变单独不足以产生驱动构造板块的所有能量,而这些构造板块的运动帮助塑造了地球的表面。这使得目前的地球物理理论留下了一个未解之谜。赫伯特·肖(Herbert Shaw)认为,科学家们低估了来自外太空撞击物(如小行星和彗星撞击地球)所输入的大量能量,因此在解释从地球内部源产生的能量与涉及板块构造的能量之间的差异时遇到了困难。
大多数地质学家将地球表面遭受外太空撞击物轰击所产生的能量视为一个独立于地球构造板块运动的过程,而肖则主张这些过程是不可分割的。肖的革命性“开放系统”观点承认了地球动力学与外太空动力学之间的连续性,而现代板块构造理论(如19世纪发展起来的经典地质学)则建立在这样一个观点上:地球的地质特征是通过地球内部的逐渐、规律的过程变化的,而没有考虑到独特的灾难性事件。经典地质学借鉴了牛顿的一项决定性但未明言的前提——地球过程与任何天文背景是独立的。
**主要目的**:
这段文章的主要目的是探讨一个关于塑造地球表面的过程的解释,并将该解释置于一个更大的理论背景中。
**关于“地质学家”的推论**:
1. 他们低估了外太空撞击物撞击地球的频率。
2. 他们认为来自外太空的能量与地球动力学无关。
3. 他们关于地球动力学的观点挑战了牛顿的基本原则之一。
4. 他们关于地球动力学的观点为肖的“开放系统”观点奠定了基础。
5. 他们关于外太空动力学的观点对当前地球物理理论构成挑战。
在这段文章中,确实可以推断出地质学家将外太空能量视为与地球内部过程无关,但关于频率、牛顿原则、肖的观点及其对地球物理理论的挑战等并没有直接的信息。因此,只有第二个推论是符合文章内容的。
当前版本由 eniale 更新于2024-10-07 17:49:36 感谢由 eniale 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。
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[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12222
Three numbers are to be selected at random and without replacement from the five numbers 4, 5,7,8, and 11.What is the probability that the three numbers selected could be the lengths of the sides of a triangle?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12221
There are 5!. or 120. ways of arranging 5 different solid-colored flags side by side. If the colors of the flags are red, blue,yellow,green, and orange,how many of those arrangements have either the red fag or the blue flag in the middle position?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12220
k is randomly selected from the set of integers from 1 to 100, inclusive.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12219
REENA'S MOVIE COLLECTION The table above shows the number of movies in each genre in Reena's movie collection. If two different movies are to be selected at random from the collection. what is the probability that neither movie will be in the science fiction genre?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12218
Several 0 and 1 are arranged in a 10*10 palace as follows. Among all the number 0, what is the probability that they are arranged in both an odd row and an odd column? Give your answer as a fraction.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12217
There are 5!, or 120,ways of arranging 5 different solid-colored flags side by side. If the colors of the flags are red, blue,yellow, green, and orange,how many of those arrangements have either the red flag or the blue flag in the middle position?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12216
Pat has five matched pairs of socks and no two of the pairs are the same color. If Pat selects two socks simultaneously and at random, what is the probability that the two socks selected will be a matched pair.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12215
A box contains 100 purple balls, 100 red balls, and 100 white balls. What is the minimum number of balls that must be chosen to ensure that at least 4 of the balls chosen have the same color.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12214
The cast of a certain play has 2 male characters and 2 female characters. The director of the play will select the 2 male characters from 6 male actors and the 2 female characters from 8 female actors. How many different sets of 4 actors, consisting of 2 male actors and 2 female actors, are there that can be selected by the director?
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P is the set of all of all positive factors of 20, and Q is the set of all positive factors of 12. If a member of Pwill be chosen at random, what is the probability that the chosen member will also be member of Q .
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12212
Average Per-Pupil Expenditures for the I0 Percent of School Districts State X That Had the Highest Expenditures (Group H) Compared to the 10 Percent of School Districts That had the Lowest Expenditures (Group L)
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12211
Average Per-Pupil Expenditures for the 10 Percent of School Districts State X That Had the Highest Expenditures (Group H) Compared to the 10 Percent of School Districts That had the Lowest Expenditures (Group L)For the 1986-87 school year, the ratio of the average per-pupil expenditures or the Group L districts to the average for the Group H districts was closest to
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12210
Average Per-Pupil Expenditures for the I0 Percent of School Districts State X That Had the Highest Expenditures (Group H) Compared to the 10 Percent of School Districts That had the Lowest Expenditures (Group L) From the 1979-80 school year to the 1989-90 school year, the average per-pupil expenditures for the Group L school districts increased by approximately.
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As a telephone salesperson, Kay made an average (arithmetic mean) of x sales calls per day for n consecutive days. On the next day, she made k sales calls. Which of the following represents the average number of sales calls per day for the n+1 days?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12208
Set S consists of 8 positive integrs,3 of which are even, Set T consists of all numbers of the form x+x2 ,where x is member of set S.
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Lists S and T each consist of 5 consecutive integers. The greatest integer in S is equal to the least integer in T.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12206
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List S : 1,2 ,3, k,2k If k< 2, which of the following numbers could be the median of the five numbers in list ? Indicate all such numbers.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12204
In 1990 approximately what percent of the total population of neighborhood was foreign-born with Europe as region of origin?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -12203
A list of the names of the people of the entire 1990 foreign-born population in neighborhood was generated, with each person’s name appearing once. The names of 2 different people will be randomly selected from the list. Which of the following is closest to the probability that both names selected will be names of people whose region of origin was “Other”?
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