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Historical demographers have generally agreed on two interrelated features of the urban populations in early-modem Germany. First,in accordance with the law of natural decrease,extremely high mortality rates in cities (urban areas with more than10, 000 inhabitants) meant that their populations could not be sustained by reproduction alone. Population density,inadequate sanitary conditions,and poor housing made cities too vulnerable to disease and death Second,when city populations did increase it was as a result of in-migration sufficient to overcome the population losses caused by the high mortality. But because the parish registers of urban communities with fewer than10, 000 inhabitants show that the annual number of births usually equaled or exceeded that of deaths,historical demographers assume that the law of natural decrease did not apply to small towns.
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当前版本由 349131oyxk 更新于2024-07-17 22:23:12 感谢由 349131oyxk 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。
这段文本讨论了历史学人口学家对早期现代德国城市人口的两个相关特征的共识。让我们逐步分析文本，解释每个选项，并为为什么选择正确答案提供解释。
全文翻译： 历史学人口学家普遍认为早期现代德国城市人口具有两个相关特征。首先，根据自然减少法则，城市（即人口超过10,000的城市地区）中极高的死亡率意味着仅靠自然增长无法维持其人口。高人口密度、不足的卫生条件和恶劣的住房使城市极易受到疾病和死亡的影响。其次，城市人口增长是由于足以弥补高死亡率所造成的人口损失的内部迁入。但是，由于城市社区（人口少于10,000的城市社区）的教区登记表显示，年出生人数通常等于或超过死亡人数，历史学人口学家认为自然减少法则不适用于小镇。
第1题分析： 根据作者的观点，历史学人口学家认为早期现代德国城市的出生率是：
a. was affected by sanitary conditions - 出生率受到卫生条件的影响
b. increased as a result of in-migration - 出生率因内迁而增加
c. was lower than the annual death rate - 出生率低于年度死亡率
d. decreased as population density increased - 出生率随着人口密度增加而减少
e. was lower than the rate in communities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants - 出生率低于人口少于10,000的社区
正确答案是c. 出生率低于年度死亡率。根据文本，早期现代德国城市因为高人口密度、不足的卫生条件和恶劣的住房条件，导致极高的死亡率，这意味着城市的出生率通常比死亡率低，因为城市人口无法仅靠自然增长维持。
当前版本由 你肯定能考上 更新于2023-09-22 19:43:02 感谢由 你肯定能考上 对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。
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