Which of the following statements, if true, most weakens Wiehle‘s theory that complex behavior could evolve only once?答案解析-雷哥GRE

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One of the questions of interest in the study of the evolution of spiders is whether the weaving of orb webs evolved only once or several times. About half the 35,000 known kinds of spiders make webs; a third of the web weavers make orb webs. Since most orb weavers belong either to the Araneidae or the Uloboridae families, the origin of the orb web can be determined only by ascertaining whether the families are related.

Recent taxonomic analysis of individuals from both families indicates that the families evolved from different ancestors, thereby contradicting Wiehle‘s theory. This theory postulates that the families must be related, based on the assumption that complex behavior, such as web building, could evolve only once. According to Kullman, web structure is the only characteristic that suggests a relationship between families. The families differ in appearance, structure of body hair, and arrangement of eyes. Only Uloborids lack venom glands. Further identification and study of characteristic features will undoubtedly answer the question of the evolution of the orb web.

Which of the following statements, if true, most weakens Wiehle‘s theory that complex behavior could evolve only once?

AHorses, introduced to the New World by the Spaniards, thrived under diverse climatic conditions. BPlants of the Palmaceae family, descendants of a common ancestor, evolved unique seed forms even though the plants occupy similar habitats throughout the world. CAll mammals are descended from a small, rodentlike animal whose physical characteristics in some form are found in all its descendants. DPlants in the Cactaceae and Euphorbiaceae families, although they often look alike and have developed similar mechanisms to meet the rigors of the desert, evolved independently. EThe Cuban anole, which was recently introduced in the Florida wilds, is quickly replacing the native Florida chameleon because the anole has no competitors.

正确答案： D 耗时：

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当前版本由长颈鹿在哪里呀更新于2019-01-04 11:17:15 感谢由长颈鹿在哪里呀对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。

首先定位到原文首句，families evolved from different ancestors，这个信息削弱了Wiehle的观点，而后面紧接着指出Wiehle的观点基于复杂的行为只能进化一次，所以蜘蛛群体都是同一个家族（从相同的祖先进化而来）。所以要削弱就要说明蜘蛛从不同的祖先进化而来。
A，没有提到进化的问题
B和C都不能说明有不同的祖先
D，evolved independently可以说明有不同的祖先
E，与进化无关
当前版本由VERNA更新于2018-05-09 17:47:17 感谢由VERNA对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。

逐个看一下：
A. 没提 evolve；(survive 不一定就是 evolve 的结果，也许人家品种本来就很牛逼，
都能活下来，到不了 evolve 这种程度)；
B. 由同一物种进化而来，可能只是 evolve1 次；
C. 由同一物种进化而来，可能只是 evolve1 次；
D. Plants in the Cactaceae and Euphorbiaceae families evolved independently
对应了原文
indicates that the families evolved from different ancestors, thereby
contradicting Wiehle‘s theory；
E. 有点和 A 选项类似；

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325秋梨膏

1.通过人名定位到这里，发现这句话里面已经提到了contradicting，所以逗号前的内容就是反驳W观点的内容

Recent taxonomic analysis of individuals from both families indicates that the families evolved from different ancestors, thereby contradicting Wiehle‘s theory.

2.前面内容核心观点： both families indicates that the families evolved from different ancestors 不同祖先进化

3.只有C说了一句 envolved independently，选C

4.关键词是contradicting，因为他是“否定词”。转折对比否定负态度都TM很重要啊很重要！！

2楼 | 2020-02-26 18:05:52 回复

Optimism

逻辑削弱题。。果然阅读和逻辑是通的

1楼 | 2018-04-26 10:41:10 回复

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