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Even though physiological and behavioral processes are maximized within relatively narrow ranges of temperatures in amphibians and reptiles, individuals may not maintain activity at the optimum temperatures for performance because of the costs associated with doing so. Alternatively, activity can occur at suboptimal temperatures even when the costs are great. Theoretically, costs of activity at suboptimal temperatures must be balanced by gains of being active. For instance, the leatherback sea turtle will hunt during the time of day in which krill are abundant, even though the water is cooler and thus the turtle`s body temperature requires greater metabolic activity. In general, however, the cost of keeping a suboptimal body temperature, for reptiles and amphibians, is varied and not well understood; they include risk of predation, reduced performance, and reduced foraging success.  One reptile that scientists understand better is the desert lizard, which is active during the morning at relatively low body temperatures (usually 33.0 C), inactive during midday when external temperatures are extreme, and active in the evening at body temperatures of 37.0 C. Although the lizards engage in similar behavior (e.g., in morning and afternoon, social displays, movements, and feeding), metabolic rates and water loss are great and sprint speed is lower in the evening when body temperatures are high. Thus, the highest metabolic and performance costs of activity occur in the evening when lizards have high body temperatures. However, males that are active late in the day apparently have a higher mating success resulting from their prolonged social encounters. The costs of activity at temperatures beyond those optimal for performance are offset by the advantages gained by maximizing social interactions that ultimately impact individual fitness.

It can be inferred from the passage that the metabolic costs of an activity during the middle of the day are

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169395pg

guys这道题考的是逻辑套用,文中给出了high temp = high metabolic rate,常识是中午比早上温度高,所以high metabolic rate
3楼  | 2023-04-07 16:31:20 回复

weigan610

动物喜欢在新陈代谢的代价低的时候出来活动,而中午他们都不活动,可推断中午时候气温太高让他们新陈代谢的代价高。相比之下下午虽然比上午的代价高一点点,但是更高的交配率让他们愿意抵着额外的代价出来活动。
2楼  | 2023-01-24 02:35:05 回复

哈士奇和鸡阿姨

desert lizard, which is active during the morning at relatively low body temperatures (usually 33.0 C), inactive during midday when external temperatures are extreme 我真的搞不不懂midday相比morning来说是inactive的,为什么新陈代谢率还更高?
1楼  | 2020-08-28 16:56:36 回复
  • 哈士奇和鸡阿姨 回复 哈士奇和鸡阿姨 哦写错了 新陈代谢的活动消耗 costs
    2020-08-28 17:02:02 回复
  • Flo278 回复 Flo278 me too
    2021-05-27 08:38:00 回复
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