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Medieval authors continually reworked their own manuscripts,proving a variety of competing texts during their own lifetimes.Later editors often merged,reorganized,supplemented,or suppressed, parts of these manuscripts when they were having them copied by hes,who were themselves sometimes unreliable. Thus,the proper ordering of tales within The Canterbury Tales and the proper sequential reconstruction of the framing narrative that surrounds them remain topics of dispute in Chaucer studies. In recent years,the usefulness of the Ellesmere manuscript as a guide to Chaucer' s own intentions has been severely criticized, especially in relation to another,very early (though incomplete) manuscript, Hengwrt. In asserting that Hengwrt is closer to Chaucer's original than Ellesmere is,scholars deploy a number of arguments:that the text of some of the Tales is more comprehensible in Hengwrt than in Ellesmere,that although both manuscripts were written within a decade after Chaucer's death,Hengwrt is,by paleographic means,demonstrably the earlier,that the very fact that Hengwrt presents the Tales in a jumbled sequence more accurately reflects the probably chaotic state of Chaucer's papers at the time of his death,and that the same scribe wrote both the Ellesmere and the Hengwrt manuscripts,and since a since was unlikely to undo sensible established sequence,the coherent arrangement of Ellesmere is later and more representative of editorial intervention than authorial intention.
Not all of these assertions can be unequivocally accepted,and even those that can be serve as much to support as to undermine theauthonity of Ellesmere's presentation of the Tales. The chronological priority of Hengwrt,for example,is by no means certain:some expert paleographers find themselves unable to pronounce on the question .And even if one were to accept the outmoded assumption that the medieval manuscript created earliest is automatically the least “corrupt", and could demonstrate that Hengwrt was earlier, its chronological priority would prove little. Ellesmere could,after all,have been a copy of an even earlier manuscript,one unrelated to Hengwrt but now lost to us. Nor is it certain that Hengwrt and Ellesmere were written by the same scribe : certain divergences in spelling strongly suggest they were not More importantly,while Ellesmere certainly docs present the Tales in a more artistic and satisfying sequence than does Hengwrt,this handy proves that the jumbled ordering of Hengwrt is closer ether to what was available after Chaucer's death or to his intention If Chaucer left so finished manuscript of the Tales, Hengwrt too is the product of editorial intervention : someone gathered the materials for it and put them in a set order for a scribe to copy Editors cannot put such posthumous materials together without making some hypothesis about authorial intentions,the accuracy of such by hypothesis has always depended on the information available to then and on the intelligence with which they used it.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11998
The integers a, b, and c are positive, and a>b>c. When a, b, and c are divided by 3, the remainders are 0, 1, and 1, respectively.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11997
For all positive even integers n. n* represents the product of all even integers from 2 to n, inclusive. For example, 12*=12×10×8×6×4×2. What is the greatest prime factor of 20*+22*?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11996
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11995
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11994
In a game, the cards in a certain deck are distributed to players one at a time until each player has the same number of cards and there are not enough cards left in the deck to distribute one more card to each player. The number of cards in the deck is between 60 and 100. If the cards in the deck are distributed o 5 players, 2 cards will be left in the deck. If the cards in the deck are distributed to 6 players, 4 cards will be left in the deck. If the cards in the deck are distributed to 7 players, how many cards will be left in the deck?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11993
Let a be the greatest integer such that is a factor of 1,500, and let b be the greatest integer such that is a factor of 33,333,333. Which of the following statements are true? Indicate all such statements.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11992
A set consists of all three-digit positive integers with the following properties.Each integer is of the form JKL,where J,K,and I are digits;all the digits are nonzero;and the two-digit integers JK and KL are each divisible by 9.How many integers are in the set?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11991
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11990
The number of children in a certain family is a prime number less than 10. The number of boys in the family is greater than the number of girls, and the number of boys is a prime number. If at least 1 of the children in the family is a girl, which of the following could be the number of boys in the family?Indicate all such numbers.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11989
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11988
x and y are integers.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11987
x and y are integers.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11986
a and b are distinct odd prime numbers.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11985
When the integer n is divided by 33, the remainder is 24. Which of the following must be a divisor of n?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11984
4.What is the length of an edge of the smallest solid cube that can be made by placing together solid rectangular blocks of size 7 by 6 by 3?
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11983
Light travels at approximately 186,000 miles per second.Which of the following is closest to the number of miles that light travels in 3 hours.
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11982
The number n is the least positive integer for which 108n is the square of an intege
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11981
The number n is the least positive integer for which 108n is the square of an intege
[数学 ]【新版】冲分救命题 -11980
If x=2y+1, and y=2w, where w, x, and y are integers, which of the following must be an odd integer?
[数学 ]OG -11979
If x=2y+1, and y=2w, where w, x, and y are integers, which of the following must be an odd integer?
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