It can be inferred from the passage that in animals less intelligent than the mammals discussed in the passage答案解析-雷哥GRE

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The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.

The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention-that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, free-floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. Arousal is at irst general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.

The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal, arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, but the animal does experience something like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive, inner-directed, tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard`s instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds-and yesterday`s unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.

It can be inferred from the passage that in animals less intelligent than the mammals discussed in the passage

Apast experience is less helpful in ensuring survival Battention is more highly focused Cmuscular coordination is less highly developed Dthere is less need for competition among species Eenvironment is more important in establishing the proper ratio of prey to predator

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当前版本由一朵乌云更新于2018-05-09 10:00:05 感谢由一朵乌云对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。

该道题目不容易定位，第 27 行：“One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience.”并且题目问的是 infer，根据题目适当取反，即能得出答案。
A. 符合文章句子意思（智商高的动物，能够保留历史记忆），即弱智的小动物的历史对于他们的生存是没有什么帮助的；
B. 说反了，文章说智商高动物才会 highly focus attention，弱智的小动物只会相反；
C. 新内容，肌肉功能协调性；
D. 新内容，种间竞争；
E. 新内容，捕食者和被捕食者的比率。