The primary purpose of the passage is to答案解析-雷哥GRE

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The large merchants who dominated long-distance trade in the Spanish empire for the better part of three centuries have been traditionally depicted by historians as a privileged group that used its political and financial clout to protect its interests while engaging in uncompetitive economic practices, largely to the detriment of Spain and its colonies. This image suggested specifically that the colonial commercial system was irrationally organized, choked Spain 's economic progress, and generated unwarranted monopoly rents [profits]. all for the benefit of the privileged traders of the merchant guilds.

None of these conclusions are wholly incorrect, but they largely fail to appreciate the unpredictable environment in which these traders engaged. Without having adequately reflected on the role of risk in oceanic commerce, historians have tended to paint an overly one-dimensional portrait of the large merchants and their commercial practices. Long-distance traders responded to conditions of poor information, tremendous uncertainty. And endemic risk by adopting defensive strategics and embracing risk-reducing institutions. Avoiding risk, however, neither meant that the Spanish merchants lacked entrepreneurial spirit nor that they were somehow the precapitalist rentiers that historians sometimes imply. To the contrary, no merchant could operate in the highly risky Atlantic world trade without constantly anticipating and taking active measure to avoid catastrophe. Being successful in early modern, long-distance trade required that merchants act defensively to prevent economic misfortune. Fortunes came gradually to patient and shrewd traders, but financial ruin could happen overnight.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. dismiss a long-standing interpretation of large Spanish merchants and their role in the colonial commercial system B. discuss two antithetical views of the difficulties faced by Spanish long-distance traders C. reconsider certain assumptions about Spanish long-distance traders and their commercial practices D. examine the reasons why some Spanish merchants who engaged in oceanic commerce succeeded while others failed E. explain why oceanic commerce was so risky for Spanish merchants engaged in long-distance trading

正确答案： C 耗时：

该题平均耗时：3分22秒，平均正确率：50 %，难度系数：5 。该题由网友lgw20422提供。更多GRE题目请点击上传

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当前版本由314681irjrt更新于2023-07-13 15:49:57 感谢由314681irjrt对此题目的解答所做出的贡献。

主旨题。结合第一段第二句话，表明这种商业组织体系是不合理的；第二段首句提到，这些结论都有一定的道理，但是没有意识到这些交易员所处的环境；之后提到采取防御策略来降低风险。所以作者认为关于商贸以前的看法有一定问题，之后做出新的思考。所以答案选C。 A错误，dismiss不正确。 B错误，two antithetical views未提到。 D错误，研究失败原因，并非文章重点。 E错误，解释风险为什么大，explain不正确。

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